Let’s check your temperature

The underlying mission of my job is to safeguard lives and property through climate change adaptation based on science. In other words, to help society to prepare itself for risks connected with more extreme rainfall and temperatures.

For many people, “climate” may seem to be an abstract concept. I have had many conversations about climate, and then realised that people often have different interpretations. In my mind, climate is the same as weather statistics (which I realise can be quite abstract to many).

To avoid miscommunication, I want to make sure that we are on the same page when I discuss climate. Maybe it helps if I talk about more familiar and specific aspects, such as the temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind?

Data, facts, and climate
But I have a challenge because data and facts are often not valued and engaging. This is a general problem when it comes to climate change, as there are probably few other scientific disciplines that have shared more data then the climate science community.

There is a bounty of sites that will give you access to free and open data, however, the access does not necessarily mean that it’s easy make use of the information embedded in the data. Often it requires a bit of work and skills in order to download and visualize it.

For instance, there are some great web-portals, such as NASA/GISS, Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN), and the KNMI ClimateExporer. These portals are extremely useful for scientists and experts (they also give the contrarians numbers on which to build their misconceived ideas), but they may be too complicated for a lot of people.

There are also many stories about climate in the mass media these days, and I have started to ignore many of these reports because they are not all relevant. So, if climate is perceived as both an abstract concept and not always relevant, then it’s a real challenge to engage people in the question about climate change.

See how rainfall and temperature have affected you
On the other hand, people care about local issues where they live and have a direct connection to their lives. So perhaps the message about climate change is perceived as more relevant when people can see the historical temperatures and rainfall near where they live?

Based on these thoughts, we wanted to try to make a simple app without jargon, acronyms and technical terms that enables the (wo)man in the street to explore the precipitation and temperature measured in her/his vicinity.

One intention with this app was to start with a simple overview picture of the measured climate data. It is important not to overwhelm at first sight, but let people understand the depth of the data once they start to explore it.

The data is not perfect
When viewing these data, it is important to be aware that there may be an occasional error in the measurements, but showing the data and letting people explore it may bring such errors to our attention.

You are also likely to come across some records with a misleading trend estimate if you study the data, because there are some data records for stations that have been relocated during the period of measurement, the instrument has been replaced, or the observational practices has been changed.

The Open Climate Data Prototype (OCDP), shown in the iFrame below, has been designed for a project in Mozambique, but is being tested for Norway. We wanted to experiment with ways to make the climate information more easily available for people.

An open and interactive app
You can change the main settings of this app by clicking on the icon with three horizontal lines in the top left corner, for instance to change the region/country or the element. It also lets you study the metadata as well as summary statistics.

The graphics is interactive, and there are three tabs showing different aspects of the data. You can also explore daily, monthly, seasonal or annual temperature or precipitation for a selection of locations in different parts of the world (e.g. a selection from North America, Australia, Eurasia, Africa, Asia).

Similar projects
After we developed this prototype, we realised that there was a similar app called ACD-App (GitHub) of the Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management (SASSCAL). However, I don’t know if it is up and running as a web-based as well.

Both apps are developed in R and R-shiny, and can in principle run on a stand-alone desktop/laptop as well as on a server. SASSCAL is a joint initiative of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Germany in response to the challenges of global change, and is highly relevant to our capacity-building project in Mozambique.

Know the past before you can know the future
The study of past climatic variations and trends is necessary before we can make projections for the future. The historical data provide us with important clues about how different conditions interact, as well as being the basis for model evaluation. They are also important for studying the impact of local climate fluctuations on society, such as crop yields.

Forest Digest: December 23, 2018

December 23rd, 2018|Tags: , |

Check out what’s happened this week in forest and environmental news!

Your white Christmas is on the way out – Quartz

Climate change is winning the war on Christmas – temperatures in 82% of US cities in a study from NOAA have risen by at least 0.5°F since 1970.

How 30 Million Dead and Dying Trees Are Reshaping Puerto Rico’s Forests – Earther

When Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in September 2017, it knocked out power island-wide, battered infrastructure, and stripped forests of their leaves. Over the months that ensued, upwards of a thousand people would die as a result of the storm. So would about 30 million trees.

How Did Sacramento Get So Many Trees? – capital public radio

The first known reference to Sacramento as the “City of Trees” dates back to 1855, and by the early 1900s the saying had clearly taken hold.

Study: Slow Growth Ahead for the Forests of the Southwest – Arizona Public Media

Forests in Arizona and the rest of the Southwest are entering a slow-growth period due to climate change.

The post Forest Digest: December 23, 2018 appeared first on American Forests.

Bending low with Bated breath

“Shall I bend low and in a bondman’s key,
With bated breath and whisp’ring humbleness…?”

Shylock (Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Scene 3)

As dark nights draw in, the venerable contrarians at the GWPF are still up late commissioning silly pseudo-rebuttals to mainstream science. The latest, which no-one was awaiting with any kind of breath, is by Dr. Ray Bates (rtd.) which purports to be a take-down of the recent #SR15 report. As Peter Thorne (an IPCC author) correctly noted, this report is a “cut-and-paste of long-debunked arguments”. I’ve grown a little weary of diving down to rebut every repetitive piece of nonsense, but this one has a few funny aspects that make it worthwhile to do so.

When they go low, we go “sigh…”.


Peter wrote a short rebuttal himself and notes a remarkable display of chutzpah by Bates. Bates quotes a line from the AR5 SPM:

It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and other anthropogenic forcings together.

And then states “This statement did not necessarily attribute all the observed post-1950 warming to anthropogenic effects”. This is of course true. You actually need to read the next line for that:

The best estimate of the human-induced contribution to warming is similar to the observed warming over this period.

But instead of noting that (or the substantive discussion in Chapter 10 that supported it), he claims that

In contrast to this caution, SR1.5 portrays all the global warming observed since the late 19th century as being human-induced (see Figure 1). This major departure from the Fifth Assessment is presented without any rigorous justification.

This is categorically, absolutely, and totally, untrue. The starting point for SR15 is actually exactly what was in AR5 together with more recent literature. Now, this is not the first time that someone has apparently “misunderstood” these lines. I had a substantial back and forth about them with Judith Curry a few years back (see here, and here). [Unsurprisingly perhaps, she thinks Bates’ report is an “excellent analysis“].

It gets better (and by that I mean worse). Bates then comments on Figure SPM1 of the SR15 and says:

The agreement shown in the figure between the observations (with interannual variations smoothed out) and the mean of the climate simulations (produced by global climate models; GCMs) is close, suggesting that strong confidence can be placed in both the indicated acceleration of the warming and its modelled anthropogenic origin.

… except that, this isn’t what is shown in Fig SPM1 at all. Instead, alongside the observations is an estimate of the attributable warming to anthropogenic effects from Haustein et al. (2017), which is not the ‘mean of GCM simulations’ in any respect.

Fig SPM1 from the IPCC SR15. No CMIP5 model data at all.

It gets even better. Later in Bates’ article, he is quite enamored by the climate sensitivity results of Lewis and Curry (2018) but doesn’t seem to realise that their results assume that all of the trends since the 19th Century are forced. The exact conclusion he rails against in the first section!

The other paper he likes for it’s climate sensitivity work is his own somewhat obscure effort (Bates, 2016), which argues for an ECS near 1K, despite the clear evidence that the planet has already warmed up by that, with a net forcing substantially less than 2xCO2, and with an ongoing energy imbalance (as evidenced by observed increases in Ocean Heat Content). This, to be gentle, is pretty much impossible.

Ocean heat content changes NOAA NODC

Unsurprisingly, this isn’t the estimate of OHC that he mentions. He instead pulls another sleight of hand by referencing a result from Laloyaux P., et al. (2018). This is a paper presenting a new (and impressive) coupled data assimilation scheme from ECMWF, but Bates grossly misrepresents the results. The figure he shows is first panel from their figure 10:

Ocean heat content changes in 10 year simulations of the new CERA system over different depths. The drifts in the early decades are an artifact of the coupled model system.

He uses this to claim that “the natural variability of the global SST is greater than had previously been estimated”, when a) this doesn’t show SST (though it is related), b) much of the variance pre-1980 is unphysical model drift, and c) the increases in the full depth OHC actually match direct observational estimated (which is unsurprising since this is a data assimilation exercise).

The rest of the report goes from the sublime (just kidding) to the ridiculous (e.g. using a paper by Nicola Scafetta as an authoritative (!) source – anyone heard of autocorrelation or over-fitting?) and cherry picking the few datasets that minimise current changes. He cut-and-pastes a figure from John Christy that we have oft criticised before. He misreads the climate model tuning paper by Hourdin et al (2017) to claim that all CMIP5 models tuned their results to match the 20th Century trends [Narrator: they did not]. But even if it actually were true, it still wouldn’t impact the results in the first figure he attacks because that doesn’t show the CMIP5 models at all. He appears to be unaware of this.

Overall, this is basically a dialed-in work-for-hire. It’s incoherent, inconsistent, a little bit funny and adds nothing to our understanding of the science behind the SR15 report, or indeed any aspect of the attribution issue.

Since I started with a Shakespearean quote, I’ll finish with another one that is more apropos:

It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

Macbeth, Act 5 Scene 5

References


  1. K. Haustein, M.R. Allen, P.M. Forster, F.E.L. Otto, D.M. Mitchell, H.D. Matthews, and D.J. Frame, “A real-time Global Warming Index”, Scientific Reports, vol. 7, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14828-5


  2. N. Lewis, and J. Curry, “The Impact of Recent Forcing and Ocean Heat Uptake Data on Estimates of Climate Sensitivity”, Journal of Climate, vol. 31, pp. 6051-6071, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0667.1


  3. J.R. Bates, “Estimating climate sensitivity using two-zone energy balance models”, Earth and Space Science, vol. 3, pp. 207-225, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015EA000154


  4. P. Laloyaux, E. de Boisseson, M. Balmaseda, J. Bidlot, S. Broennimann, R. Buizza, P. Dalhgren, D. Dee, L. Haimberger, H. Hersbach, Y. Kosaka, M. Martin, P. Poli, N. Rayner, E. Rustemeier, and D. Schepers, “CERA-20C: A Coupled Reanalysis of the Twentieth Century”, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 10, pp. 1172-1195, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001273


  5. F. Hourdin, T. Mauritsen, A. Gettelman, J. Golaz, V. Balaji, Q. Duan, D. Folini, D. Ji, D. Klocke, Y. Qian, F. Rauser, C. Rio, L. Tomassini, M. Watanabe, and D. Williamson, “The Art and Science of Climate Model Tuning”, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol. 98, pp. 589-602, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00135.1

Using Data to Dial Down the Temperature in Dallas

December 22nd, 2018|Tags: , |

American Forests, the oldest national conservation organization in the United States, teamed up with Alliance Data and Texas Trees Foundation (TTF) in 2017 to implement an urban heat island study in Dallas County. The study, which was recently published in Governing, identifies where the region is experiencing high urban heat island temperatures and the associated effect on air quality, and where greater tree canopy coverage could mitigate the issue.

Governing sites that, “Tree planting and preservation are three and a half times more effective in lowering temperatures as ‘cool materials strategies,’ such as the use of paving and roofing materials that reflect light.”

The study also uncovered that Dallas is warming faster than all but two large U.S. cities, which means hotter nights and even hotter days. Within urban heat islands, the hottest areas in the city, temperatures average over 100 degrees for more than five months out of the year. The study is serving as a catalyst for developing a strategy to promote tree canopy policies and long-term funding support with local government, civic and non-profit organizations.

The article states, “While planting 1,000 trees is a good start, much more needs to be done. To have a real impact on urban heat island effects, TTF reported, Dallas needs to add about 250,000 trees to its canopy.”

A more detailed breakdown of the study’s results can be viewed in a presentation by Dr. Brian Stone, Georgia Institute of Technology, who helped make the study and its data a reality. Read the full report.

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Senior Manager of Urban Forest Programs

Department

Programs

Reports to

Director of Urban Forest Programs

FLSA Status

Exempt

Salary

Commensurate with Experience

Summary

The individual selected for this new position will manage development and implementation of American Forests’ partnership initiatives focused on building local capacity for managing and expanding urban forests in select cities nationwide. This includes launching new initiatives and managing existing partnerships; facilitating public-private collaborations; advocating for local policies; developing finance mechanisms for managing urban forests; working with other staff to implement fundraising strategies; organizing periodic events such as urban forest workshops; supporting the broader Community ReLeaf program and other duties as assigned.

Requisite Education Or Certifications

Minimum of a bachelor’s degree or equivalent professional experience in urban forestry, natural resource management, forestry, environmental science, landscape architecture, environmental engineering, city planning or another related field. Urban forestry knowledge is required. Master’s degree and/or ISA Arborist certification are a plus.

Required Experience

The ideal candidate is a self-motivated, interdisciplinary thinker with a passion for urban resilience and sustainability and an entrepreneurial motivation to build a successful program. The candidate should have strong group facilitation, project management, policy, and written/verbal communication skills and experience. A minimum of three years experience working in the field of urban forestry is required.

Working Conditions

Regular travel will be required, approximating about 25 percent of hours worked. Most work will be in a general office environment, with some local meetings outside of the office. American Forests is in downtown Washington, D.C., within walking distance of Metro stations on all lines, multiple bus lines, and Capital Bikeshare.

Specific Duties

Working under the supervision of the Director of Urban Forest Programs, the individual is responsible for implementing the following components of our change model to increase local capacity for urban forestry in Community ReLeaf cities, which is the brand for all urban forestry programs at American Forests:

  • Partnerships: Develop and facilitate collaboration as needed between federal, state, regional and local agencies, nonprofits, community advocates, for-profit companies, and other stakeholders to guide development and implementation of agreed-upon outcomes in select Community ReLeaf cities. Such outcomes vary by city but can include incubating or expanding a local urban forestry nonprofit, creating urban wood utilization markets and/or developing climate optimization initiatives. (20%)
  • Planning Guided by Science: Manage development of urban tree canopy analyses, urban heat island studies, urban forest master plans and business plans as needed in select Community ReLeaf cities. (20%)
  • Advocacy and Funding: Work with American Forests’ Policy Department to develop and implement state, regional and/or local policy strategies in select Community ReLeaf cities. This can include updating local ordinances and developing new finance mechanisms, such as social impact bonds and urban forest carbon credits. Work with other staff to develop and implement a fundraising strategy to support and grow implementation of the Community ReLeaf program. (20%)
  • Tree Planting and Restoration: Oversee development of projects that expand tree canopy and convert underutilized land into productive or recreational spaces in select Community ReLeaf cities. This includes attending and speaking at volunteer events sponsored by key funders, the implementation of which are managed by another staff member. (10%)
  • Communications: Support the Communications department in promoting urban forestry nationally and in select Community ReLeaf city media markets. This can include writing articles and blogs, doing interviews, helping develop videos, and suggesting social media content. (5%)
  • Program Management: Manage overall implementation of American Forests’ Community ReLeaf program, including integrating Tree Equity and urban Forests4Climate branded initiatives into community initiatives. Help manage and track program budgets and reporting. (15%)
  • Miscellaneous: Complete other duties as assigned, including periodic support for new initiatives as they emerge. (10%)

American Forests’ active Community ReLeaf partnership cities currently include Atlanta, Boston, Baltimore, Chicago, Columbus, Detroit, Houston, Miami, San Francisco, Seattle, and Wilmington, Delaware.

A combination of education and experience will be considered in determining relative candidate qualifications.

To Apply

Please submit a cover letter and resume to jobs@americanforests.org. Applications will not be accepted or reviewed elsewhere. Position will remain open until filled.

American Forests in an equal opportunity employer.

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Recap: American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting

December 21st, 2018|Tags: , , , |

The 51st annual American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting was hosted December 10-14, 2018, in Washington, D.C., where more than 20,000 attendees from around the globe assembled for the largest worldwide conference on Earth and space sciences.

AGU, dedicated to advancing the Earth and space sciences for the benefit of humanity, showcased the return of AGU TV at the Fall Meeting and was broadcast at various kiosks around the convention center as well as in the hotel rooms of meeting attendees. Programming highlighted the latest research and emerging trends within the fields of Earth and space science. Through a partnership with the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS), American Forests was even featured on an AGU TV episode!

The American Forests video delivered a strong message that forests face existential threats from climate change and that their future depends on the expert assistance and guidance of foresters and others who manage our forests. This work deeply integrates climate science into effective forest management — helping forests overcome climate change threats while at the same time slowing climate change by trapping more carbon.

NIACS has created the most cutting edge model for making this science-into-practice connection and has partnered with American Forests to spread the approach as widely as possible.

At the AGU Fall Meeting, American Forests was delighted to observe a growing awareness around evidence-based research that bolsters the global importance of forest science — from hearing a panel discussion on Hurricane Maria’s effects on forest recovery in Puerto Rico to learning more about a global carbon cycling forest database. Key political figures also contributed; Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska delivered a keynote that addressed solutions for climate change.

AGU is a not-for-profit, professional, scientific organization representing more than 60,000 members in 139 countries. This year, the organization is celebrating its centennial year, marking an important milestone.

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Talking Trees with Jason George of the SAG Awards®

December 19th, 2018|Tags: , |

The Screen Actors Guild Awards®, as part of its commitment to sustainable practices, will be partnering with American Forests to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the awards with the planning of 25,000 trees.

We spoke to actor Jason George, star of ABC’s Station 19 and long-time cast member in Grey’s Anatomy, about the guild’s environmental focus. George heads up the organization’s diversity efforts.

“It’s been a real honor to be involved with SAG,” George said as we discussed the ten consecutive annual “Green Seals” awards the union and the awards program had received for its green practices. “They don’t do it for the pat on the back, they do it because it’s the right thing to do.”

We talked about George’s relationship with the outdoors, which started in his hometown of Virginia Beach. “Everyone needs to be close to some natural thing that is big enough to make you feel humble. I grew up next to the ocean which made my personal problems really small.”

He spends a lot of time at the ocean with his wife, the poet Vandana Khana, and their three children, Jasmine, Arun and Nikhil. We talked about where he grew up, especially crossing the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel. “It was like one of the seven wonders of the world,” he said. “Just the most amazing expanse of ocean and sky and it went on and on.”

Talking about the water, one thing he noted as unique to hometown was that the forests grow directly to the sea. “These pine trees grow right onto the beach; I’ve never seen anything like that anywhere else.”

As a child he loved playing among those trees. He says he would build a fort in the middle of the woods, then come back and find some other kids had added to it. George says his favorite tree is the pine tree; “It’s the scent and smell of home.”

This connection to the woods of his hometown brought him back to American Forests. “It’s great to be part of SAG,” he says. He stresses that the partnership with American Forests is one of the visionary things about the union.

Stay tuned for the next in our Q&A series with SAG Awards staff and leaders! The 25th Annual SAG Awards ceremony will be nationally simulcast live on TNT and TBS on Sunday, Jan. 27, 2019 at 8 p.m. (ET) / 5 p.m. (PT).

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Forest Digest: December 16, 2018

December 16th, 2018|Tags: , , |

‘Bosco Verticale’ in Milan, Italy is an apartment complex featuring vertical forests. Credit: Boeri Studio, Paolo Rosselli

Check out what’s happened this week in forestry news!

The Allure of Vertical Forests — The New York Times

The Vertical Forest prototype was first constructed four years ago in Milan, Italy, where a pair of apartment buildings also housed 21,000 plants and 20 species of birds.

Congress Votes for Conservation with New Farm Bill — The Nature Conservancy

“This Farm Bill was the biggest opportunity in years for Congress to make the right policies for—and investments in—the conservation of private lands in the United States.” Thankfully, lawmakers seized that opportunity. They passed a bill that will help farmers, ranchers and forest owners become more sustainable and productive, while protecting lands and waters for the benefit of all Americans and wildlife.

Notes from the Tree Line: How to Grow a Forest in the City — Medium

“Urban street trees are living in the most hostile place possible,” says Earl Eutsler, associate director for Urban Forestry at the District Department of Transportation’s Urban Forestry Administration. “But it’s also where they do the most direct good in terms of environmental benefits and services to those people walking along streets, riding bikes along streets, even driving — because they’re a direct filter of the particulate matter that is emitted by cars and trucks.”

Half of Costa Rica’s Regrown Forests are Gone within Two Decades — Pacific Standard

Secondary forests—those that regrow naturally after being cleared or degraded—constitute more than half of existing tropical forests. When they are old enough, they support a wide range of species and store carbon at a higher rate than old-growth forest because the trees grow more rapidly.

Carbon Benefits Of Managed Forests — Science Trends

Forests have a complicated relationship with carbon and climate. They sequester huge quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, estimated at 10-20 percent of U.S. emissions, thus limiting its potential as a greenhouse gas. In turn, forests are also impacted by changes in climate, which affects how much carbon they store.

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American Forests Applauds Provisions for Forestry in 2018 Farm Bill Conference Report

Washington, D.C. (December 14, 2018) — American Forests has released a statement applauding the inclusion of timber jobs, water restoration, conservation and innovative provisions in the $867 billion 2018 Farm Bill Conference Report. It was sent to the President’s desk for signature December 12, 2018:

“This final version of the Farm Bill will create jobs and increase timber, restore water quality and improve wildlife habitat by investing in collaborative approaches to managing our national forests through the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP). Previously, the CFLRP reached its authorized funding cap, so no new projects could be added. This provision doubles the allowed spending cap to $80 million a year and extends the program authorization for five more years.

“The bill delivers conservation results on private forestlands in critical conservation areas, by investing in outcomes-oriented public-private projects through the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP). The measure increases RCPP baseline funding from $100 million to $300 million, while maintaining mandatory annual funding at 7 percent of the Healthy Forests Reserve Program, the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, the Conservation Stewardship Program, and the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program. It provides funding to conservation groups and farmers to work together to cut pollution and improve water quality, in part by restoring forested lands. The percentage of funding for critical conservation areas will rise from 35 percent to 50 percent.

“It also focuses new attention on forested buffers — which are critical for water quality — thanks to Senator Casey of Pennsylvania.  These improvements will reduce administrative burdens on landowners, establish a new level of transparency and accountability and ensure states like Pennsylvania can meet their forest buffer goals in partnership with the federal government.”

“We are pleased the bill will spark innovation. There are key provisions from the Timber Innovation Act that will provide funds for research and development of wood-building construction as well as wood innovation grants. Additionally, it reauthorizes authorities directing U.S. Forest Service and state counterparts to tackle forest health, wildfire, and drinking water protection.

“We do acknowledge there are many authorities that didn’t make it into the bill, and even Secretary Purdue was disappointed, we look forward to working with the next Congress to get stand-alone legislation that will give us the resources to solve the climate change crisis, address pest and disease infestation, and rebuild stronger forests across the country.”

“We thank Congress, especially Senator Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire for her provisions to create energy-efficient wood energy systems and Senator Susan Collins of Maine for her provisions for creating new opportunities for the forest economy. We are proud that it has strong bipartisan support. The Agriculture Improvement Act will deliver important benefits — from jobs to clean air and water and healthy and resilient forests. It is a win-win for Americans and America’s forests.”

— Jad Daley, President and CEO, American Forests

###

ABOUT AMERICAN FORESTS

American Forests inspires and advances the conservation of forests, which are essential to life. We do this by protecting and restoring threatened forest ecosystems, promoting and expanding urban forests, and increasing understanding of the importance of forests. Founded in 1875, American Forests is the oldest national nonprofit conservation organization in the country and has served as a catalyst for many key milestones in the conservation movement, including the founding of the U.S. Forest Service, the national forest system and thousands of forest ecosystem restoration projects and public education efforts. Since 1990, American Forests has planted more than 60 million trees in all 50 states and nearly 50 countries, resulting in cleaner air and drinking water, restored habitat for wildlife and fish, and the removal of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

MEDIA CONTACT

Lea Sloan | Vice President of Communications | 202.370.4509 (direct) | 202.330.3253 (mobile) | lsloan@americanforests.org

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A Tale of Two Trees and a Wildfire

December 12th, 2018|Tags: , , |

When a wildfire ignited north of Durango, Colorado on June 1, it was just one more addition to the widespread collection of fires burning across the southwest at the time. But, in what is becoming an eerily familiar story, strong winds and low humidity, paired with an abundance of fuel, allowed the fire to grow immensely. Dubbed the 416 fire, it grew to more than 54,000 acres, earning it a spot on the list of Colorado’s top ten largest fires.

Two of American Forests’ National Champion trees were caught in the reach of the massive fire: one a 165.5-foot tall blue spruce located near the Dutch Creek flats and the other a 180.58-foot blue spruce near Hermosa Creek, both of which are located within the San Juan National Forest.

Local U.S. Forest Service employees hoped that the former, shorter blue spruce would remain unscathed, especially since the open meadow where it stood could have been skipped over by the fire. Instead, the powerful blaze seared through the area near the confluence of Hermosa and Dutch creeks, destroying the champion blue spruce in the process. The second, taller tree, though also located in the burn area, was able to escape damage by virtue of its location in a sheltered valley, which protected it from the flames.

The blue spruce that burned was nominated as a National Champion in 2014. Before it was burned in the fire, the tree had a crown spread of 32.5 feet and a circumference of more than 12 feet. Using our tree-measuring formula and keeping in mind the tree is 165.5 feet tall, the spruce’s dimensions gave it 323 points.

Comparatively, the 180.58-foot spruce that survived was measured as having a circumference of 11 feet 5 inches and a 23.25-foot crown spread, which is considered rather narrow. Nominated in 2016, it was also tallied as deserving 323 points.

Blue spruce are not particularly fire-resistant trees, in part due to a combination of thin bark and shallow roots. They also tend to keep their lower branches for longer than other, more fire-resistant trees, which allows surface fires to reach the tree’s dense crown. The surviving champion just happened to be in a good place to weather this particular wildfire.

Both trees were impressive in their own right, but when it comes to wildfires they had the same thing working against them: a rapidly changing climate that is perfect for fire. Colorado sees hundreds or even thousands of destructive wildfires each year, as do other states, particularly in the West. Many trees are not lucky enough to survive the blazes, especially if they don’t naturally have fire-resistant properties. Across the West, as temperatures increase and the amount of rainfall and snowpack decreases, the hot, dry conditions that allow wildfires to flourish are becoming more and more common.

Such conditions increase the urgency with which America’s forests need to be protected and restored. Though wildfire can be good for forests under the right conditions, the changing climate and a history of fire suppression has made it all too easy for wildfires to grow explosively and become so destructive that they threaten plants, animals and people.

You can help us protect other trees like these Champions, and other trees that were in the path of the 416 fire. Donate now to help us protect already existing forests and establish new ones, which will lead to a healthier, more resilient planet.

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