Author: Site Owner

By Dylan Stuntz, American Forests

October is scary movie season, but do you know the history behind the locations of some of the classic scary films? Take some time to appreciate the iconic locations some of these frightful films were based on, because without the proper setting, these films just wouldn’t be as scary!

Blair Witch Project

Credit: Will Folsom

A 1999 “found-footage documentary,” written and directed by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez, this film details three students investigating the “Black Hills Forest” near Burkittsville, Md. While the Black Hills Forest is not real, filming did take place in Seneca Creek State Park, located just 25 miles outside of Burkittsville. The park encompasses over 6,000 acres, along 14 miles of Seneca Creek. While there are hiking trails and campsites found throughout the park, there could just be one more spooky resident waiting in the woods for her next victim.

Nosferatu

Credit: Victor Iemini

A 1922 black-and-white German Expressionist horror film, directed by F. W. Murnau, “Nosferatu” was an unauthorized take on Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”, and one of the first depictions of vampires on film. The setting of the tale is Transylvania, a region of the Carpathian Mountains found in Romania, now well-linked to vampires in popular lore largely thanks to film adaptations of Bram Stoker’s work. Reportedly, the fictional location of Count Orlock’s castle can be found in an eastern section of the Carpathian Mountains known as Călimani Mountains. The mountains encompass over 2,500 square miles, and are the largest volcanic complex of the Carpathians. Forests of beech, spruce and cade juniper can be found covering the range, with a variety of other flora as well. No crumbling castles full of decrepit Transylvanian royalty with a predilection for sleeping underground have been seen since the time of Vlad the Impaler, but if you feel a prick on your neck while hiking through, don’t take my word for it.

Sleepy Hollow

This Tim Burton picture from 1999 takes place in the little town of Sleepy Hollow, and tells the tale of Ichabod Crane and the Headless Horseman. The town was established in 1693 when Frederick Philipse was granted a royal charter by the English, creating the Manor of Philipsburg on the land that was later to become the site of Sleepy Hollow. Now it’s a little town of 10,000 people, located along the Hudson River, just 25 miles outside of New York City. Reportedly every single one of the 10,000 residents had a head firmly attached to their shoulders, but after nighttime falls, maybe don’t take any chances if you spot a shadowy figure on horseback perched on the hill.

Friday the 13th

Credit: Illfonic

This classic 1980 slasher film directed by Sean S. Cunningham was filmed at Camp Be-Bo-Sco, a Boy Scout Camp located in Hardwick, N.J. The camp is located near the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, 70,000 acres of federally protected land managed by the National Park Service. It’s a perfect area to swim, bike, or practice your jogging just in case some knife-wielding maniac decides to rise out of the water and terrorize your outdoor fun.

Cabin in the Woods

Credit: anoldent/Flickr

The titular “woods” in this 2012 horror comedy, written by Joss Whedon and Drew Goddard and directed by Goddard, can be found in the wilds of Vancouver and Hope, Canada. Hope, British Columbia is framed by the Fraser River to the west and the Coquihalla River to the east. Meanwhile, Vancouver is the site of one of North America’s largest urban parks, Stanley Park, which is just over 1,000 acres. It’s thought that prior to urbanization, Vancouver was home to some of the largest old-growth trees in North America. No word on whether there are any secret underground facilities, or families of zombies roaming the nearby woods though.

Credit: Ervins Strauhamanis

Find out what’s happened this past week in the world of forestry!

Regreening the Planet Could Cut as Much Carbon as Halting Oil Use – The Guardian

Natural climate solutions could account for up to 37 percent of actions required under the 2015 Paris Climate Accord, according to a study published in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences. The international climate agreement seeks to limit carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, setting specifically targeted goals each decade. Targeted trees plantings could result in up to 11.3 billion tons of carbon being absorbed by 2030, an amount much higher than previously thought.

Forest Fires Stoke Record Loss in World Tree Cover – Scientific American

Global tree cover losses rose 51 percent in 2016, with a total area of forest canopy equivalent to New Zealand vanishing. Data compiled by the Global Forestry Watch found that record forest fires in Brazil, Indonesia and Portugal contributed to the unprecedented loss in forest cover.

After the Storm, Who Takes Care of the Trees? – USDA Blog

Learn about the Urban Forest Strike Team, made up of collaboration between state forestry associations and the U.S. Forest Service. These “first-responders for the trees” go into storm-ravaged areas and evaluate damaged trees, looking at the extent of damage and whether it poses a risk to the community.

Living Near a Forest Will Make You Happier, Study Finds – Forbes

A study by the Max Planck Institute for Human Development has found that individuals that live and work near forests actually have healthier amygdala, the part of the brain responsible for regulating stress. Living near a forest produced effects in people’s brains that made them more effective at managing anxiety, stress and depression.

America’s Most Popular National Parks Might Raise Their Entrance Fees to $70 – Vox

A proposal was recently announced by the National Park Service that would raise the entrance fee to certain national parks during peak season. The price surge would be in effect from May 1 to Oct. 30, and would affect parks such as Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Yosemite and others. The increased fees would go towards much-needed infrastructure maintenance that many parks have been unable to perform due to growing visitor volume.

First Trees on Earth Ripped Themselves Apart to Grow Larger – Newsweek

Discovery of ancient mineralized trees reveal that Earth’s first trees had an interior that was made up of hundreds of individualized strands that pushed apart as the tree grew, as opposed to modern day trees, which form rings around the edge of their trunk. This design caused the base of ancient trees to collapse under the weight of expansion as the tree would grow bigger.

Declining Baby Songbirds Need Forests to Survive Drought – Phys.org

A new study from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and Virginia Tech University finds that during drought, young wood thrush required large plots of forest and shade to survive. The study looked at the mortality rate of wood thrush offspring during periods of drought and other hardship, and found that the significant factor was not total forest cover, but whether the forests were fragmented. The songbirds required expanses of forest in order to increase their chances of survival.

Treating Toxins with Tree Microbes – Scientific American

Poplars are naturally capable of absorbing a specific type of carcinogen, trichloroethylene (TCE), which is an industrial solvent found in many waste sites around the U.S. Researchers have been able to isolate the microbe responsible and inoculate other poplars with the strain. The poplars then become capable of absorbing the TCE at much faster rates than untreated trees. Not only was the soil surrounding the treated trees significantly clearer, the trees also were larger and healthier.

10 of the World’s Most Inspiring Trees – TreeHugger

Read about a linden tree in Germany with a dance platform among its branches, an oak famous for being the site of countless duels in New Orleans, a millennia-old Montezuma cypress in Mexico and more.

By Dylan Stuntz, American Forests

With Halloween almost upon us, learn about some of the scariest, creepiest and crawliest denizens of the forest. Warning for anyone with a general discomfort around insects: This piece may make you squirm!

Assassin Bug

Silent as the grave, this bug will stalk its prey until it finds the perfect moment to strike. Credit: Bernard DuPont

This bug lives up to its name! Assassin bugs use a rostum, a long tool on the front of their face, to pierce other insects and inject a toxin similar to a spider’s venom to liquefy their prey’s insides. The rostrum serves as both syringe and vacuum, as after the bug has been liquefied, it will be sucked dry. Some species of assassin bugs will then take the corpse of the unfortunate ant, beetle or termite and stick it to their back, to disguise themselves from other predators, and to mask their scent to other prey.

Bullet Ant

This insect travels in swarms and, after biting its victim, will release a chemical telling others to attack. Even Kevlar won’t protect you from this bullet. Credit: Bernard DuPont

The bullet ant has earned its name because of the potent venom found inside the stinger in its abdomen. The pain is apparently comparable to being shot, hence the bullet reference. It’s ranked as one of the most painful stings on the Schmidt Pain Index, which rates the comparative pain of different insect bites and stings. Supposedly, the sting is 30 times worse than a bee sting, and lasts for 12-24 hours. The creator of the Schmidt Pain Index, Justin Schmidt, described the sting during an interview with Great Big Story as “pure, intense, brilliant pain … Like walking over flaming charcoal with a three-inch nail embedded in your heel.” Pretty scary!

Fishing Spider

Not only can this spider walk and run on water, it’s also able to catch its prey without the use of a web. Credit: Judy Gallagher

Some spiders from the genus Dolomedes do not spin webs, but instead perch on top of rivers and ponds, using surface tension to stay afloat. The minute that a fishing spider feels a vibration along the surface, it leaps out and grab its prey, whether that be an unlucky insect or even a fish. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and have been witnessed eating prey up to five times their size!

Tick

Silently waiting to suck your blood, these creatures might be the scariest on our list because there’s a chance one’s hitching a ride on you right now… Credit: Jerry Kirkhart

Invisible creatures that suck your blood and then leave you with a bacterium that causes you to feel sleepy, lethargic and sore? It’s not vampires, just the common tick! (Bran Stoker would be bitter of these blood-suckers.) Ticks are scary not because of their appearance, but because of the fact that they’re almost invisible, and transmit Lyme disease. Out of all of the creatures on this list, these are probably the most likely to run into. Read about how to prevent and remove these creepy creatures here.

Emerald Jewel Wasp

Mad scientists have nothing on this wasp, which is able to create zombie insects after it stings their brains. Victor Frankenstein would be jealous! Credit: Axel Rouvin

This parasitic wasp can create literal zombies, but only from cockroaches. The emerald jewel wasp will sting a cockroach, injecting venom directly into the victim’s brain, inhibiting the creature’s motivation to walk, run or resist. The wasp can then lead its victim back to the wasp’s nest, where wasp larvae will feed on the lethargic cockroach for the next week. The wasp is only found in Africa and Asia, and only uses its mind-controlling venom on other bugs. At least for now…

Golden Orb-weaver Spider

If something, no matter how big, gets caught in the web the golden orb-weaver spider weaves, it’s probably going to eat it. Credit: Matthew Laird Acred

This spider spins webs so strong that it will occasionally catch snakes, bats or birds as prey. The webs are strong enough that fishermen have used them as nets to catch fish. While the golden orb-weaver spider consistently feed on insects as its main source of food, if an unlucky larger creature gets caught, the spider’s not opposed to feasting for a week. While no human has even been caught by one, a recent study found that orb-weavers living in cities are getting bigger and having more children. Yikes!

Saddleback Caterpillar

Red colors, devilish horn and covered in spikes? If you’re unsure what to wear as a Halloween costume, maybe take a page out of the saddleback caterpillar’s book.

This caterpillar has “horns” that protrude from its body, a sting from which expels venom that can cause stinging, burning, fever or nausea that last up to five hours! While it may have a cute little saddle on it, don’t cuddle this caterpillar, otherwise you’ll regret it.

Even if you get dressed up this Halloween with the goal of spooking, you may not hold a candle to these creepy creatures! Keep in mind though, while these creatures may be scary, they hold an integral place in their ecosystems. If you ever spot one of these, after gasping in terror, take some time to respect the diversity of life that these animals contribute to.

By Dylan Stuntz, American Forests

With Halloween just around the corner, learn about some scary creatures supposedly hiding in the wild parts of America. Hidden and undiscovered animals are referred to as cryptids, and the study of these spooky animals is called cryptozoology. Maybe hold off on looking too hard for these monsters though, because some of them are not ones you want to find on a dark night.

Bigfoot

Is it Bigfoot? Tough to say, we can’t see how big the feet are.

The undisputed king of mystery creatures, Bigfoot sightings have been reported all over the country. Bigfoot is a large hairy humanoid that apparently has the power to blur or obscure itself whenever placed on film or camera. While there have been sightings of the omnivorous creature elsewhere in the U.S., it seems to be most at home in the Pacific Northwest, and it’s clear why. Old-growth forests are widespread throughout the region, with varieties of tree species ranging from redwoods to Douglas-firs. Grizzly bears and black bears also range throughout this region, so Bigfoot’s in good company.

El Chupacabra

The Chupacabra stalks its victim, a goat that is about to have a very bad day. Credit: Michael Snipes

“The goat-sucker” is a creature that reportedly terrorizes the Southwestern U.S., Puerto Rico and Mexico. Accounts on the size and shape of the creature vary, with some reports saying it is the size of a large bear with spines running down its back, while others insist the animal is smaller and hairless. Almost everyone can agree that it has large fangs and legs jointed like a kangaroo. Reportedly it can be found in the Chihuahuan Desert, the largest desert in North America, covering over 200,000 miles. The desert is characterized by low shrubs and perennial grasses, so plenty of places for El Chupacabra to hide.

Honey Island Swamp Monster

The perfect hiding spot for a monster — a swamp full of all kinds of critters. Credit: Josh Dunn

Honey Island Swamp is a protected area of marshland approximately 108 square miles, with over 35,000 acres of land managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and home to alligators, snakes, wild boars, eagles, and potentially something else…

Found in the Honey Island Swamp, this cryptid dates back to a Native American myth about an illegitimate child released into the swamp and raised by alligators. A modern urban legend rumors that a train carrying circus animals crashed near the swamp, releasing a family of chimpanzees that interbred with alligators, creating a whole tribe of Honey Island Swamp Monsters. Two hunters emerged from the swamp in 1974 saying they had seen large tracks of a creature next to a fresh-killed boar. Supposedly the monster stands over 7 feet tall, is covered in gray hair and has large glowing yellow eyes.

Mothman

The town of Point Pleasant, W.V., has erected a statue memorializing their otherworldly resident. Credit: Richie Diesterheft

Reports of a flying figure with eyes that flash red terrorized couples in a West Virginia town. Reportedly the “Mothman,” as local folklore christened it, can fly up to 100 miles per hour and is terrified of light. The creature seemingly communicates through a series of clicks and whistles. The Mothman has only been witnessed on the outskirts of Point Pleasant, W.V., so if you’re visiting anywhere near there soon, maybe stick to the center of town.

Pukwudgie

It’s probably just a porcupine, but there’s a chance this could be a Pukwudgie in disguise.

Massachusetts is a prime spot for cryptids, with over 3.2 million acres of forest found throughout the state. One of the animals found in central and western Massachusetts is the porcupine, but if you see one around this season, you might have more to worry about than just its quills.

If you spot a porcupine, it may be Pukwudgie, a mythical creature from Algonquian folklore, in disguise. Three-foot tall humanoids capable of transforming into porcupines, stories say they are mischievous creatures capable of doing both good and evil. They are just as likely to help their human neighbors as they are to lure away unsuspecting children!

Wampus Cat

The Wampus Cat is a popular mascot of choice for high schools around where it supposedly roams. Credit: Todd Dwyer

There are more than 22 million acres of forest in Alabama, and in them you can find tortoises, woodpeckers and snakes, among other animals. There is one particular species of cat that’s whispered about around campfires though: the Wampus Cat, the result of experimentation during World War II.

Allegedly, the U.S. government tried to create a “super-animal” by combining a mountain lion and a grey wolf through genetic splicing, with the goal of creating an incredibly fast and large creature to relay messages. However, a breeding pair escaped and their descendants, known as Wampus Cats, still haunt the area around Cheaha Mountain in the Talladega National Forest.

Before you dismiss these as simply imaginary creatures, keep in mind that the okapi, the Komodo dragon and the platypus were all dismissed as fake creatures, until someone discovered proof that they were real. Just something you should remember the next time you walk through a deep, dark wood…

By Christopher Horn, American Forests

On Oct. 21, 2017, dozens of people gathered at the Arc’teryx flagship store in New York City’s SoHo neighborhood for a pop-up gallery featuring beautiful nature photography. The installment, called Celebrate Wild Places, showcased the work of Arc’teryx photographer Angela Percival and NYC-based photographer Brian Kelley. The stunning photos captivated guests at the event — see for yourself!

Stay tuned to Loose Leaf and our Facebook and Instagram for more collaborations with Brian Kelley and Arc’teryx!

By Dylan Stuntz, American Forests

American Forests Wildlands for Wildlife initiative is engaged in restoration of threatened flora and fauna in key ecosystems across the country. One of those areas is the Southeastern U.S. where you can find one of our favorite animals: the gopher tortoise.

On Sept. 26, 2017, 30 gopher tortoises were released into Aiken Gopher Tortoise Heritage Preservation, after they were hatched at the University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, and then raised at Riverbanks Zoo and Garden. The long-term plan for recovery is to establish a viable population at the preserve, and then relocate and release in suitable habitats within areas identified for longleaf recovery. These new habitats will be permanently managed to protect the species.

The gopher tortoise is a candidate for the Endangered Species Act in the eastern part of its range, and endangered west of Mobile Bay. The tortoise is called a “keystone species” because of its integral role in the ecosystem. The gopher tortoise digs burrows, hence the name “gopher,” and those burrows, once abandoned, provide key habitats to roughly 350 other species. Along with restoration of the gopher tortoise, American Forests’ work is also focusing on reforestation of longleaf pine, which provide an ideal habitat for the tortoises.

To restore longleaf pine in the Southeastern U.S., American Forests is collaborating with The Longleaf Alliance, an organization dedicated to ensuring a sustainable future for the species. In addition to relocated the baby gopher tortoises in 2017, the partnership resulted in the planting of 285,000 longleaf pines and the creation and maintenance of 150 nest cavities for another endangered species, the red-cockaded woodpecker, in South Carolina, Mississippi and Alabama.

“American forests funding was crucial to the expansion of this project,” said Robert Abernethy, president of The Longleaf Alliance. “We have about 75 young tortoises that will be released next year and more collected in 2018. American Forests’ contribution is making a positive impact on the restoration of this state-listed endangered species.”

The care and release of these 30 tortoises was a consequence of partnerships with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, the University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, the Longleaf Alliance, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, engaging in a collaborative effort to restore the gopher tortoise.

“This is a partnership where, sometimes it’s not enough to just protect the number of populations that we have left on threatened species,” said Kurt Buhlman, from the University of Georgia Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, at the release of the tortoises. “This is an opportunity to build a new population and actually be proactive in our conservation efforts.”

Find out what’s happened this past week in the world of forestry!

FEMA won’t cover cost of replanting tree canopy after Irma – Miami Today

In an area where tree canopy was already lower than normal, Hurricane Irma took away an expected 30% of tree cover in Miami-Dade County. FEMA will not cover the cost of replacing fallen trees, but we are working with Neat Streets Miami to help rebuild this city. To learn more about the relationship between hurricanes and trees, read our blog.

Vikings Razed the Forests. Can Iceland Regrow Them? – The New York Times

Over a thousand years ago, Vikings destroyed most of the forests in Iceland. As a result, windblown soil and erosion are taking a toll on farmers and locals alike, in addition to the ever-present threat of climate change. Despite many efforts to replant trees, the country is still struggling to combat the damage done in the past.

Italy’s high-rise forests take root around the world – The Local (It.)

Skyscrapers covered in trees. It’s an idea that started in 2014 with two buildings in Milan, and now they’re being commissioned all over the globe. The structures are called the Bosco Verticale, or “vertical forest,” and they house a nursery of over a thousand trees, carefully arranged around the building, taking sunlight, heat and humidity into account. The architect that designed them is now working with his team on over a dozen other vertical forests all over the world.

This company wants to regrow Earth’s forests with drones – CBS News

A new company, BioCarbon Engineering, has a unique solution to reversing the trend of deforestation: algorithms and drones. Founded by a NASA engineer, the company uses surveillance drones to scope out landscapes in need of reforestation, taking into account tree species needed, temperature, soil type and other features. A second drone then flies along and fires seeds in biodegradable “pods” from 10 feet up, with enough force to embed them in the soil. The seedlings have a survival rate that is comparable to hand-planting, but advocates say this drone method is much cheaper and faster.

The Lush Billion-Tree Spectacle of China’s Great Green Wall – Wired

In order to counteract the desertification that is occurring across China, the country has planted over 66 billion trees in its northern parts since 1978. Photographer Ian Teh visited one such project being conducted by the Chinese State Forestry Association and documented the endeavor.

Forest grazing counteracts the effectiveness of trees to reduce flood risk – Science News

Researchers from Lancaster University conducted a study on the rate at which water runoff is absorbed in soil under forests. Previous studies had found that forested areas generate much high rates of water absorption compared to grazed pastures. However, this study found that if grazing by livestock occurred under the trees, then the amount of water absorbed by the soil dropped to almost zero. This corrects previous expectations, which assumed that water absorption remained constant under forested areas, regardless of grazing habits.

Global kids study: More trees, less disease – Science News

A comprehensive study analyzing 50 years of USAID data found that children in watersheds with higher tree cover were at a significantly lower risk of diarrheal disease, the number two killer for children under five.  “We are not saying trees are more important than toilets and indoor plumbing,” said Diego Herrera about the study. “But these findings clearly show that forests and other natural systems can complement traditional water sanitation systems, and help compensate for a lack of infrastructure.”

Game of Thrones road in Northern Ireland closed to traffic amid fears for historic trees – The Telegraph

The UK’s Department of Infrastructure has decided to permanently close traffic along a section of Bregah Road in Northern Ireland to protect the historic trees from tourists. The road was featured on an episode of HBO’s hit series Game of Thrones during season two as a section of the “Kingsroad.” As a result of its newfound fame, the section of the road known as “Dark Hedges” became an instant tourist attraction, resulting in damage to the roots of some of the trees, planted in 1775.

Avalanche Destruction Zone & Its Impact On Old Growth Forests – Science Trends

A new study researching past avalanches, using “dendrogeomorphology,” or the study of the spacing between the annual growth rings of a tree, has found that past studies using similar methods overestimated the frequency of avalanches. Failure to take changes in climate, such as periods of extreme drought, and pests such as the grey larch budmoth caused previous studies to overestimate avalanches. The researchers hope to increase the accuracy and use of dendrogeomorphology to look at a variety of historical environment trends in the future.

Credit: Lip Kee, used under CC BY-SA 2.0

Find out the latest in forest news!

In a Body Farm for Trees, Scientists Root Out the Killers — Scientific American

Researchers in Sequoia National Park have been studying trees for decades, trying to establish a pattern on what causes certain redwoods to die and others to survive. Since 1982, scientists have studied pre-marked plots containing 30,000 trees, marking their conditions every year, measuring their diameter every five years and conducting autopsies when they die. “It’s a detective game,” says U.S. Geological Survey Ecologist Nate Stephenson. Researchers believe the data being collected will prove invaluable, and changing global conditions create uncertain futures for many forests.

Study points to win-win for spotted owls and forest management – University of Washington

A new study from the University of Washington, the University of California, Davis and the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station suggests that protecting the habitat of the spotted owl may be much easier than previously thought. For the past 25 years, the strategy surrounding habitat management has focused on preserving dense upper canopy cover, which put forests at a much higher risk for wildfire decimation. However, using new technology, researchers were able to determine that it is actually only the canopy cover of tall trees that are required, rather than total canopy cover. This will allow for better forestry management that can benefit both spotted owls and the trees they inhabit.

Tropical Forests Now Emit More Carbon Than They Soak Up — PBS

New research on the density of tropical forests has concluded that they are releasing more carbon dioxide (CO₂) than they are absorbing, rather than the opposite, as was previously thought. A new study found that previous models of tropical forests overestimated the density of trees, mostly because partial logging by humans and forest degradation had worn away many trees, but left the canopy intact, making satellite measurements inaccurate. Trees absorb CO₂, but fallen and dead trees also release it into the atmosphere. This new study measured smaller-scale tree loss, and has found that tropical forests are now a net source of carbon due to human activity.

Hurricane Irma damaged largest gumbo limbo tree in U.S. — Bradenton Herald

After Hurricane Irma swept through South Florida, arborists discovered two new cracks in the 45-foot-tall champion gumbo limbo (Bursera sumaruba), located in De Soto National Memorial, Fla. The tree has been certified as an American Forests Champion Tree since 2007, meaning it is the largest-known tree of its kind in the country. The 80-year-old tree did not lose any limbs, but no amount of damage is good, considering that wire cables have been needed to support the tree for the past three years as a result of previous damage. The tree’s final prognosis is unknown, as arborists are still determining whether the damage will prove fatal.

Companies’ ‘zero deforestation’ pledges: everything you need to know — The Guardian

Individual companies pledging to engage in “zero deforestation” can be a good first step, but it doesn’t necessary mean what you think. For example, a company’s practices can clear forests and still say they have “zero net deforestation” so long as they plant an equivalent area of trees. Other limitations can include difficulty in tracking the forestry management practices of smaller, third party distributors that work with the corporation. There is even disagreement on what the technical classification of a “forest” is, as the legal definition differs from country to county.

Video: How to Photograph Trees, Mushrooms and Rivers | Woodland Photography Tips — NatureTTL

Learn from nature photographer Ross Hoddinott his tips for taking pictures of rivers, trees and mushrooms.